The BLB Blog

The official blog of Blue Letter Bible

The Gospel: First Revealed in the Garden

Posted on Posted by

20130305_gospelgarden

I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your offspring and her offspring; he shall bruise your head, and you shall bruise his heel.”
(Genesis 3:15)

The holy gospel was not first revealed by Jesus during His earthly ministry. It was first revealed by God in the Garden of Paradise. From those first chapters in Genesis, this gospel was published again and again by the patriarchs and prophets, and is represented by the sacrifices and other ceremonies of the law. Ultimately, this holy gospel has been fulfilled by Jesus Christ our Lord.

One of the new BLB resources, the Heidelberg Catechism, includes Scripture proofs which walk us through both testaments Old and New to show us that the gospel message is actually found all throughout God’s revealed Word. Read these passages and worship!:

The Gospel first revealed in the Garden

I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your offspring and her offspring; he shall bruise your head, and you shall bruise his heel.” (Genesis 3:15)

The Gospel published by the patriarchs

and in your offspring shall all the nations of the earth be blessed, because you have obeyed my voice.” (Genesis 22:18)

I will bless those who bless you, and him who dishonors you I will curse, and in you all the families of the earth shall be blessed.” (Genesis 12:3)

The scepter shall not depart from Judah, nor the ruler’s staff from between his feet, until tribute comes to him; and to him shall be the obedience of the peoples. (Genesis 49:10)

Binding his foal to the vine and his donkey’s colt to the choice vine, he has washed his garments in wine and his vesture in the blood of grapes. (Genesis 49:11)

The Gospel published by the prophets

Who has believed what he has heard from us? And to whom has the arm of the LORD been revealed? For he grew up before him like a young plant, and like a root out of dry ground; he had no form or majesty that we should look at him, and no beauty that we should desire him. He was despised and rejected by men; a man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief; and as one from whom men hide their faces he was despised, and we esteemed him not. Surely he has borne our griefs and carried our sorrows; yet we esteemed him stricken, smitten by God, and afflicted. But he was pierced for our transgressions; he was crushed for our iniquities; upon him was the chastisement that brought us peace, and with his wounds we are healed. All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned–every one–to his own way; and the LORD has laid on him the iniquity of us all. He was oppressed, and he was afflicted, yet he opened not his mouth; like a lamb that is led to the slaughter, and like a sheep that before its shearers is silent, so he opened not his mouth. By oppression and judgment he was taken away; and as for his generation, who considered that he was cut off out of the land of the living, stricken for the transgression of my people? And they made his grave with the wicked and with a rich man in his death, although he had done no violence, and there was no deceit in his mouth. Yet it was the will of the LORD to crush him; he has put him to grief; when his soul makes an offering for guilt, he shall see his offspring; he shall prolong his days; the will of the LORD shall prosper in his hand. Out of the anguish of his soul he shall see and be satisfied; by his knowledge shall the righteous one, my servant, make many to be accounted righteous, and he shall bear their iniquities. Therefore I will divide him a portion with the many, and he shall divide the spoil with the strong, because he poured out his soul to death and was numbered with the transgressors; yet he bore the sin of many, and makes intercession for the transgressors. (Isaiah 53:1-12)

Behold my servant, whom I uphold, my chosen, in whom my soul delights; I have put my Spirit upon him; he will bring forth justice to the nations. He will not cry aloud or lift up his voice, or make it heard in the street; a bruised reed he will not break, and a faintly burning wick he will not quench; he will faithfully bring forth justice. He will not grow faint or be discouraged till he has established justice in the earth; and the coastlands wait for his law. (Isaiah 42:1-4)

“I, I am he who blots out your transgressions for my own sake, and I will not remember your sins. (Isaiah 43:25)

And now the LORD says, he who formed me from the womb to be his servant, to bring Jacob back to him; and that Israel might be gathered to him– for I am honored in the eyes of the LORD, and my God has become my strength– he says: “It is too light a thing that you should be my servant to raise up the tribes of Jacob and to bring back the preserved of Israel; I will make you as a light for the nations, that my salvation may reach to the end of the earth.” (Isaiah 49:5-6)

Thus says the Lord GOD: “Behold, I will lift up my hand to the nations, and raise my signal to the peoples; and they shall bring your sons in their arms, and your daughters shall be carried on their shoulders. Kings shall be your foster fathers, and their queens your nursing mothers. With their faces to the ground they shall bow down to you, and lick the dust of your feet. Then you will know that I am the LORD; those who wait for me shall not be put to shame.” (Isaiah 49:22-23)

“Behold, the days are coming, declares the LORD, when I will raise up for David a righteous Branch, and he shall reign as king and deal wisely, and shall execute justice and righteousness in the land. In his days Judah will be saved, and Israel will dwell securely. And this is the name by which he will be called: ‘The LORD is our righteousness.’ (Jeremiah 23:5-6)

not like the covenant that I made with their fathers on the day when I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt, my covenant that they broke, though I was their husband, declares the LORD. For this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, declares the LORD: I will put my law within them, and I will write it on their hearts. And I will be their God, and they shall be my people. (Jeremiah 31:32-33)

I will give them one heart and one way, that they may fear me forever, for their own good and the good of their children after them. I will make with them an everlasting covenant, that I will not turn away from doing good to them. And I will put the fear of me in their hearts, that they may not turn from me. (Jeremiah 32:39-40)

I will rejoice in doing them good, and I will plant them in this land in faithfulness, with all my heart and all my soul. (Jeremiah 32:41)

Who is a God like you, pardoning iniquity and passing over transgression for the remnant of his inheritance? He does not retain his anger forever, because he delights in steadfast love. He will again have compassion on us; he will tread our iniquities underfoot. You will cast all our sins into the depths of the sea. You will show faithfulness to Jacob and steadfast love to Abraham, as you have sworn to our fathers from the days of old. (Micah 7:18-20)

To him all the prophets bear witness that everyone who believes in him receives forgiveness of sins through his name.” (Acts 10:43)

which he promised beforehand through his prophets in the holy Scriptures, (Romans 1:2)

Long ago, at many times and in many ways, God spoke to our fathers by the prophets, (Hebrews 1:1)

Moses said, ‘The Lord God will raise up for you a prophet like me from your brothers. You shall listen to him in whatever he tells you. And it shall be that every soul who does not listen to that prophet shall be destroyed from the people.’ And all the prophets who have spoken, from Samuel and those who came after him, also proclaimed these days. (Acts 3:22-24)

To him all the prophets bear witness that everyone who believes in him receives forgiveness of sins through his name.” (Acts 10:43)

For if you believed Moses, you would believe me; for he wrote of me. (John 5:46)

The Gospel was represented by the sacrifices and ceremonies of the law

For since the law has but a shadow of the good things to come instead of the true form of these realities, it can never, by the same sacrifices that are continually offered every year, make perfect those who draw near. (Hebrews 10:1)

Then I said, ‘Behold, I have come to do your will, O God, as it is written of me in the scroll of the book.'” (Hebrews 10:7)

rooted and built up in him and established in the faith, just as you were taught, abounding in thanksgiving. (Colossians 2:7)

For if you believed Moses, you would believe me; for he wrote of me. (John 5:46)

The Gospel fulfilled by the begotten Son

For Christ is the end of the law for righteousness to everyone who believes. (Romans 10:4)

But when the fullness of time had come, God sent forth his Son, born of woman, born under the law, to redeem those who were under the law, so that we might receive adoption as sons. (Galatians 4:4-5)

So then, the law was our guardian until Christ came, in order that we might be justified by faith. (Galatians 3:24)

These are a shadow of the things to come, but the substance belongs to Christ. (Colossians 2:17)

Comments

  1. I see a lot of verses quoted, which is good, but I did not read in those verses anything about the contents of the gospel. So, what is the “holy gospel”?

    • Ref. “Easton’s Bible Dictionary” (found in the new and improved BLB web site) for the word “gospel” (G. “evangelion”). It is better translated “Good News” and provides me with a clear understanding of what is being relayed. The word “gospel” serves to separate the WOG into two sections when it shouldn’t be.

      J.

      P.s. Chris, please move that floating link away from the scroll bar.

      • With all due respect, that made absolutely no sense to me. All I am asking is what is the CONTENTS of this holy gospel that Chris refers to in his article. I did not see what the gospel is when I read the article, despite his quotation of a plethora of scripture.

      • Well, as far as I’m concerned there is no respect due, warranted or sought after.

        I wasn’t trying to answer the question for Chris; I was sharing what helps me with the word “gospel” when I insert the better English translation “Good News” and encouraging you and others to try it. You don’t have to if you don’t want to.

        I’ll make a mental note concerning any conversations with you for the next time and not submit comments on the fly without spelling my intentions out… not easily done.

        J.

    • Hi Eric,
      Finding the foreshadowing of the gospel in the OT is one of the most rewarding studies I found.

      If I may let me try to answer your question from my perspective. The gospel message can be found in the garden in several ways. When God said He would put emnity between the seed of the woman (Eve) and satan’s seed this is a correlation to Jesus. Genesis 3:15 All the other Genesis verses referenced also speak to the line from which the Messiah would come.

      When the OT is studied focusing on the scriptures that point to Jesus the Messiah you’ll find that Jesus is mentioned on every page of the bible.

      The Abraham and Isaac story is a type of God the Father and Jesus the Son. The story of Ruth is also a type or model of Jesus (Boaz) Naomi (Israel) Ruth (the Gentile Bride).

      All throughout the OT are wonderful truths about Jesus and God’s plan from the very beginning to send His Son to die on the cross for us.

      The Temple and all the aspects of the Temple are direct correlations to Jesus.

      There are an unlimited amount of references to Christ and the Good News in the OT for us to find. If studied with that view in mind Jesus and salvation through Jesus can be proven without even having to refer to the NT. The OT is the NT concealed and the NT is the OT reveiled.

      I hope this helps answer your question. God bless you. 🙂

      • Tess,
        Loved your examples! Isn’t Noah’s Arc also an example of Jesus as Saviour? If you know, I would like to know your take on it.
        Thanks

  2. I wanted to post this on your other blog about the new design, but it looks like you closed the comments there.

    I like the new format all right, but I’m not happy about the word lists in the interlinear have vowel points on them. I switched back to the classic format and found the same problem.

    The option of not having vowel points in the text itself is helpful, but please do the same for the word lists!

    Thank you.

  3. The Gospel is truly good news. Genesis, the first humans is the necessary setting. Here is where humans preferred their desire rather than God. The flesh was cursed in this unrighteousness. Sin brings death. This is a world where death reigns. The good news is God is love. 1Jo 4:8, 16
    The proof of God’s love are the nail holes in His hands. The good news is that God has overcome death and sin. He has opened the way for any one to enter into His presence. Jhn 14:6
    We are to know God with all our being as proclaimed in the first 2 commandments. 1Cr 13:13 We all know how we pant after the love of our life. Separation is unbearable, all that we want is to be with our loved one. Is 61:10, Rev 21:2
    If one truly loves God every effort is made to avoid offending Him. When our heart’s desire continually occupies our thoughts we are unlikely to choose unrighteousness. Jhn 14:23

    • Bob, you’re fun to debate, you provide so much Replacement Theology for me to discuss against.

      It would be incorrect to lump all “first humans” of Genesis into one category of “preferred their desire rather than God”. Do I really need to list the souls who did not, like Adam, Havah, Hevel, Shet, Hanokh, Noach, Shem, `Ever, Avram, Yitzchak, Ya`akov, Yosef. Oops, maybe I should have used the Anglo-Saxon translation of their names. And yes, I’m sure they followed their own desires, but that wouldn’t make it unique to Genesis would it.

      Remember, you don’t have to reply to what I write, so don’t spill your Cheerios because of it.

      J.

      P.s. Chris, the new version BLB Primary search does not work for me. I go back to the previous version to search.

      • Why was there need for atonement, a scape goat? Why were skins needed to cover Adam and Eve? Why were Able and Cain, Noah, Abraham, the Levites etc offering sacrifices? What started with the first humans continues through today. Rom 3:10,21-23, 5:12, 10:3-13, 2Cr 5:21, 2Pe 1:1
        The entirety of the Word of God points to the Lamb, Jesus. The Lamb exists before the foundation of this world. The inadequacy of any sacrifice other than the will of God, Jesus is evident today. The Word of God is direct Jhn 14:6

      • Lev 16:29-34 HNV

        “statute to you forever”, “an everlasting statute” – 3x in 6 verses.

        “to cleanse you; from all your sins you shall be clean before the LORD.”

        “for all the people of the assembly” – study the word “assembly” (H. qahal), (G. ekklēsia), (E. church). Anyone can look it up for themselves, no doctorate required.

        Yom Kippur 2013 begins in the evening of
        Friday, September 13
        and ends in the evening of
        Saturday, September 14

        J.

    • If one truly loves God every effort is made to avoid offending Him. When our heart’s desire continually occupies our thoughts we are unlikely to choose unrighteousness. Jhn 14:23

      SO VERY TRUE AND WELL SAID BOB.

      • Hallelujah.

        I agree with Tess. Truth is in Bob’s word and well said.

        Least any be found to boast and their mouth be found to be full of deceit.

        In Christ
        Mark H NZ.

  4. http://utmost.org/ 9/9/2013.

    Very applicable truth for us all.

    “but is also committed, responsible, and accountable to Jesus Christ’s view of God, the world, and of sin and the devil.” – Jesus Christ’s view (found in the entire WOG), not what WE want or think it should be in whatever theology we are drawn to.

    2Cr 6:1-12 HNV, hard to do with thin skin.

    J.

    • I love Oswald Chambers.

      I’ve been studying the last chapters of Ezekiel. Specifically Ezekiel’s temple and I’m wondering if it will be the millennial temple and who the prince is that it refers to.

      Any ideas anyone? Jerry, maybe you can help me out. There seems to be quite a bit missing in that temple. For instance, silver and gold. The number of steps leading up to the altar. No lamb sacrafices, etc.

      I’d appreciate any insights any of you might have.

      • I’m sure McGee and Missler have many insights to glean from.

        Here are some things I ponder about the coming Restored Kingdom of Israel spoken of in Eze 40 HNV – Eze 48 HNV and Act 1:6 HNV.

        It was King David’s (man’s) thought to build the Temple, not YHWH, 2Sa 7:1-29 HNV.

        The land is also divided and portioned to the tribes of Israel in the Ezekiel passages. Could what is described in Ezekiel have been the way the land was apportioned had not the congregation agreed with the 10 faithless spies, Num 13 HNV, Num 14 HNV.

        J.

        • That’s where I got the questions from! You’re no help Jerry! LOL! God bless you anyway!

          Here’s a riddle for you.

          I am the bronze snake that Moses put up.
          What is my name?

          • I would help the 5 and 6 years olds in children’s church with their eagerness to get the correct answer to the teacher’s questions by telling them the answer to all the questions was going to be JESUS. Giving the teacher nowhere to go but to reply “yes my sweetie, that is correct.”

            Does that work for me here?

            J.

        • Jerry,

          Jerry: It was King David’s (man’s) thought to build the Temple, not YHWH, 2Sa 7:1-29 HNV.

          Tess: It’s not that simple. 2 Samuel 7:11-16; 1 Chronicles 22:9-11; 1 Chronicles 28:11-12 (by the Spirit); Ezekeil 43:10-12

          I know what you’re saying about man bringing up the temple idea but it truly isn’t that simple. God instructed the tabernacle and the specifications for the temple and the Ezekiel temple is laid out by an angel not man.

          Also, I’m not agreeing about the “possible” land divisions if the 10 spies…idea. The land divisions in Ezekiel are different than the land divisions from Moses and Joshua. And since God knows all that seems to put God in the position of saying OK I had your land picked out but ya’ll fought so lets revert to plan B. I don’t think God does that.

          It’s a “study” and off topic but Hebrews 8-10 lead me there to STUDY.

          Please forgive me but there seems to be a tangent to want to debate doctrine and that get’s a little old after seeing ya’ll do it day after day after day after day.

          P.S. That last part was not easy to type but I felt very lead to include it. I sincerely hope it’s taken with the same love it was typed with.

          • Those are just idea’s to ponder during study time. No hard doctrines contected to them.

            Opinions don’t offend me. I did write this in a previous reply to Steve M. ~ Opinions are like sins; everybody has them.

            J.

  5. Hallelujah!

    Praise God for the gospel. God’s Good News and message of glad (joyful) tidings. Thank you Father for BLB as I know from your servants in BLB that gospel in Greek is ‘euaggelizo’.
    Hebrews 4:2

    Chris writes “the gospel message is actually found all throughout God’s revealed Word.”

    How true and how wonderful is this statement!! Hallelujah.

    In our Auckland NZ mens bible study fellowship last year, while studying the book of Acts and looking at Jesus Christ my Teacher (for there is no Teacher but the Christ), we also studied many chapters from Hebrews.

    This is where in Hebrews 4:2 I discovered by the Holy Spirit’s illumination, (He who takes what is Christ’s and declares it to me, the Helper from God), that indeed, truly in the “entire WOG”, (praise the Lord Jerry S), is indeed the gospel ‘euagglelizo’.

    Applying as our sister Tess has recommended the 20/20 guide, which for me is looking both backward (to previous verses) and looking forward (to latter verses) and in sensitivity to the Holy Spirit meditatively and prayerfully looking at Jesus Christ (the Teacher), it is evident from Hebrews 4:2 that the gospel is the ‘Word of God’ (WOG), and was also given by Moses to those led out of Egypt.

    Hebrews 4:2 “For indeed the gospel was preached to us as well as to them; but the word which they heard did not profit ‘them’, not being mixed with faith in those who heard it”

    Who is ‘them’ of whom it is written in Hebrews 4:2? When taken in context by looking backward, is it not those who rebelled after being led out of Egypt by Moses? Hebrews 3:15-17.

    Why then did the gospel, ‘euaggelizo’ “the word which they heard” from the mouth of Moses, not profit them?

    The answer for not profiting found in Hebrews 4:2 is because “the hearing of the word” (WOG) “was not mixed with faith”. Disobedience & unbelief was present in their hearts as taught us in Hebrews 3:18-19.

    Andrew Murray a much loved meditative writer has written, that ‘when faith is not mixed with obedience it is in the imagination only and it is pretence.’

    I praise the Lord for Steve Morrow’s words also. Because he often points us to God’s requirement for obedience to God’s commandments. As the Lord Jesus says “If you abide in Me, I will abide in you.”

    This obedience is only won be the hearing of the word of God (WOG), MIXED WITH FAITH.

    It must be OUTWORKED FROM THE HEART IN LOVE OF GOD AND IN LOVE OF OUR FELLOW MAN. Which is both the first and second commandments fulfilled.

    The Spirit of Jesus Christ does this in a man. Man by himself cannot do it.

    All praises to our Father in heaven who by His Son Jesus Christ enables His children to obey Him and to believe, walking in love.

    Dear Father
    May love abound on this website and in all your children. The love that the Spirit gives from the heart.
    In Jesus name. Amen

    Mark H NZ.

    • The Gospel has just one central element. The first 2 commandments are the true test. Is Jesus God?
      Mat 10:40, 18:5, Mar 9:37, Luk 9:48, 12:9, Jhn 11:25-26, 12:44,48, 13:20
      Isa 45:23, Rom 14:11, Jhn 14:9, Phl 2:10,

    • Bob,

      This may help you understand better.
      Mar 12:30-34 HNV, these are not new. Notice the scribe (OT person) understood and agreed with Messiah.

      These two, let’s call them “Categories” instead of “Commandments”, sum up the Ten Categories Moshe took down from the Mountain of GOD into two parts, “first” five that serve GOD and “second” five that serve our brothers. From there, the Ten Categories provide the breakdown of the 613 “halakh” (ways to walk) that fall under these ten categories that we find in the TaNaK.

      Try not being too excess with “allegory” when reading scripture. A more literal reading will help in understanding the original intent.

      J.

          • This is a very difficult question for many people. The saved of God speak out, my God and my Savior. Act 7:59, 9:5, 26:15

          • Tess,

            Mar 12:28-40 HNV

            There are many Jewish forms of faith, just as in Christianity. Anyone who sincerely reads and follows TaNaK will be familiar with a Promised Messiah as in the verses above. Remember the Scribe and Messiah are Jewish, not Christian.

            J.

            P.s. Bob, I’m not Jewish, I’m a Gentile like you.

          • Tess,

            Of course Jesus is GOD. Particularly, what have I written to make you think, I think otherwise?

            J.

        • Bob,
          I was talking to a friend just yesterday evening about the problems Jewish people face accepting Jesus as Lord and Savior. He explained to me that the concept that God would have a Son is unthinkable to a Jew. His church does outreach ministries in Israel.

          Until he told me I had no idea that this is the central Jews have accepting Jesus as Messiah. This seems odd to me. There seems to be no difficulty accepting that God would come down in a cloud (Shekinah Glory) and inhabit the tabernacle and there is so much in OT scripture that foreshadows, and patterns and is a typology of the Messiah in a “Son” manner consistent with the NT accounts of Him. Yet, sadly, Jesus still remains a stumbling block and a rock of offence. Let’s pray that knowledge increases and the veil is lifted for God’s beloved people to accept the true Messiah, Yeshua. Pre-suppositions can really hinder recognition of truth.

          • oops! Offense!

            Oh the answer to the riddle is in
            2 Kings 18:4
            He removed the high places, and brake the images, and cut down the groves, and brake in pieces the brasen serpent that Moses had made: for unto those days the children of Israel did burn incense to it: and he called it Nehushtan.

          • the scriptures shared over many days were patience beyond me. None were committed except for much prayer to prevent offense. There is an absolute limit. God will not share His glory with any other. Isa 42:7-8 More than one attend these pages. What is communicated is for instruction in righteousness 2Ti 3:17 the stone of stumbling and rock of offense knows no limit to persuade us to Him. Jesus is God. We must leave the work of God, those things of the spirit to Him. I only know that there is no righteousness that I can claim. My savior Jesus is my righteousness. No twisting of words or traditions can substitute. Jesus cries out to His people. We are only unprofitable servants. There is one God. Blessed is He Who comes in the Name of the Lord, Jesus.

          • Jerry, thank you for your consideration and suffering the contest to express your belief. I subscribe to several rabbinical sites and enjoy AISH.com. I have blogged with other Jews who were not as kind as you have been. I often recommend BLB, daily visits betray my fondness. As an additional resource to the wealth of blessing here in BLB this is an insightful presentation. http://lamp-stand.com/2013/09/12/vi-e-4-c-the-return-of-those-distant-and-those-near/

          • “This site is a work-in-progress which envisions the development of a comprehensive “PENTECOSTAL THEOLOGY” through analysis of history in terms of the recovery of the “APOSTOLIC GOSPEL” since the Reformation, and the “INTERPRETATION OF CHRISTIAN-EXPERIENCE AND DOCTRINE” in light of the model presented in the design of the golden lamp-stand.” – Daniel Irving.

            Bob, I’m not sure I follow your thinking, or the sense in which you say “the purpose of my religion,” (which is faith in Jesus Christ.) Before calling a thing “counterfeit,” I urge you to at least read it. Consider the wise counsel of Nicodemas at John 7:51. – Daniel Irving.

            Bob, are these site where you find all those “High Church” theologies you ponder? Let theology and religion go and surrender your will to Yeshua the Hebrew Messiah who has provided all we will ever need. Stop searching and just “follow”, Jhn 10:27 HNV. See http://utmost.org/ 9-13-2013.

            J.

          • Please pardon my insistence but your mischaracterization of my comments to support your position is either unknowing or purposeful yet it is deception. You use quotation marks to cite things that I have not said. I have not used “the purpose of my religion” or “counterfeit” anywhere in my comments.

          • Bob,
            Those quotes are from the web site you provided a link to. At the end of each quote you will find a credit to the author.
            J.

  6. Mark,
    You made such a vital point when you wrote: “All praises to our Father in heaven who by His Son Jesus Christ enables His children to obey Him and to believe, walking in love.”

    I know that for myself I attempted all my life to “work” my salvation but knowing that all my works were as filthy rags was very discouraging. Then the Holy Spirit filled me with the realization that God’s promises are much more reliable than my efforts could ever be and a truth burst forth in my heart that it is HIS love that enables our works. Works will always be present where there is true surrender of the heart. And even that is a gift of God for how could we hear lest He called. His sheep know His voice and follow Him.

    There was something about trusting and putting my faith in ALL God’s promises and coming to an end of self in my experience and it has made all the difference.
    Ecclesiastes 5:18-20; Ephesians 2:4-10; Hebrews 6:13-20

  7. Steve,

    I’ll give you another opportunity to have a discussion. What particularly have I written that you take exception to? If you let me know I can help you to understand my intent. Without that happening, all you will be left with are your presumptions and prejudices because as I’ve told you before – you have no earthly idea who you are speaking with. 1Ti 5:21 HNV

    J.